Pruning of young trees

The pruning of young trees should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "focus on lightness, equal emphasis on shaping and results, and promote early yield increase". On the premise of arranging the backbone branches, the focus of pruning is to clean up a layer of densely packed branches and shape the tree. According to the planting density, the small canopy and sparse layered form (planting less than 80 plants per mu) and the free-spinning form (over 80 plants per mu) can be promoted.

Small crown sparse layer shape. Select 3 to 4 main branches on the first floor. After the selection, clean up the densely packed branches that affect the growth of the backbone branches. Clean up 1 to 2 branches every year, and strive to clean them out in 2 years.

Free spinning roe shape. Choose 3 to 4 small main branches each year, the main branches are about 20 cm apart, and the dense branches are appropriately thinned out.

First fruit tree pruning

The 5 to 8-year-old saplings have entered the fruiting period. The focus of pruning is to clean up the dense large branches between layers, improve the light conditions of the tree body, and gradually transition the fruiting parts to the backbone branches. The densely packed areas are cleaned up 2~3 every year, and strive to clean up in 3 years. After several years of adjustment and cleaning, the small crown sparse layer shape retains 5 main branches, 1 to 2 auxiliary branches, and the free-spinning shape retains 10 to 13 main branches.

Pruning of mature trees

The pruning of mature apple trees should aim at "improving the light, improving the quality of the branches, stabilizing high-quality and increasing yield". The focus of pruning is to thin out the large auxiliary branches, large lateral branches and large branch groups that are over two layers or more in batches. The large branches retained above the second floor extend outward as a whip, and the total branch volume accounts for less than 20% of the total branch volume of the whole tree to facilitate the illumination of the inner chamber of the first layer.

If the canopy is high, you should gradually fall down according to the strength of the tree, and keep the tree height below 3.5 meters; if the canopy has been handed over, the outer densely-squeezed branch group should be thinned out or transformed into a small branch group, and the branches should be shortened. , Slowly promote the inside, or change the direction and angle of the main side branches by turning the main head to change the direction and angle of the main side branches, so that the top, bottom, left and right are staggered, and the crown distance is maintained at about 1 meter to improve the lighting conditions of the group and individual. "The tree does not see the light and does not bear fruit, and the branches do not see the light and do not grow thick." In pruning, special attention should be paid to adjusting the light. Some large branches that affect the light must be resolutely eliminated and mercilessly.

Tree and branch balance

The imbalance of the fruit tree's potential will cause it to be difficult to bear fruit. As the saying goes, “one side is strong and the other is weak, and the strong and the weak do not bear fruit. We must not be strong or weak. Master-slave relationship: The main branch is 1/3 to 1/5 of the middle trunk, and the branches on the main branch should be 1/5 to 1/7 of the thickness of the main branch. Shrinking branches senescence cleverly, if there is no ability to bear fruit, rewind and update in time. Generally speaking, if the fruit does not pull the branches, it means senescence.

Cut off diseased branches and insect branches

According to investigations, many kinds of diseases and insect pests that harm apples live through the winter on the branches. For the pests and diseases that overwinter on the trees, combined with winter shears to thoroughly remove the pest branches and burn them or bury them deeply, the damage in the coming year can be significantly reduced.

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