In the process of planting, the early ten walnut trees in Shiyan, Hubei Province showed the phenomenon of late autumn shoots and secondary flowering, which led to early defoliation of some early walnuts, and the secondary flowering amount reached 3% to 5%, which not only consumed a lot of tree nutrients. At the same time, it also weakened the tree potential and seriously affected the yield and quality of walnut in the second year. As a result, the author finally realized the cause of the late autumn shoots and secondary flowering of the early walnut trees, and explored a set of corresponding measures. as follows.

1 Cause

Early-earned walnuts have the characteristics of secondary flowering and fruiting. The second flower is born on the top of the year's branches. The early spring shoots and early flowering of early-season walnuts are not conducive to the improvement of yield and quality in the second year. The specific reasons are as follows:

1.1 Early real walnut flower bud differentiation

The early-wing walnut varieties began to differentiate from flower buds earlier, and flower buds were formed from early June to late September. When the dried fruit was harvested, most of the morphological organs of the lateral flower buds had formed. When encountering adverse conditions such as high temperature before and after harvesting, it will lead to a large number of fallen leaves of walnut trees. If the weather appears in Xiaoyangchun in October of that year, it will have the same climatic conditions as spring blossoms, and soil nutrients and moisture are better, and carbohydrate formation is better. For a long time, the flower buds are very easy to germinate, and the secondary flowers are opened.

1.2 Varieties

Different varieties of walnuts have different adaptability to the environment. For example, Xiangling, Wen 185 and other varieties have the most serious flowering in autumn. Xilin No.3, Xilin No.2, and medium-nuclear short branches are second, Qikai is lighter.

1.3 Weather

In the late summer and late autumn of Shiyan City, Hubei Province, high temperature and dry weather will lead to the emergence of dead leaves and fallen leaves in the early walnuts, while the autumn rains and rains, the water in the walnut gardens, affecting the root growth, which causes the early flowering of the walnut.

1.4 Terrain

The flat walnut garden is seriously flowering twice on the slope.

1.5 altitude

In the sloping walnut garden above 900 meters above sea level, the early walnut varieties such as Xiangling, Luguang, Zhonglin, Xilin and Weiner have no secondary flowering phenomenon in autumn.

1.6 extensive management

Extensive management will lead to early defoliation in the walnut garden, as follows: walnut black spot disease is serious, leading to early defoliation; only chemical fertilizer, less or no organic fertilizer, resulting in weak tree, early defoliation; improper plastic trimming, crown pass Poor permeability, serious pests and diseases, sprouting late autumn shoots, secondary flowers in autumn.

2 Remedy for secondary flowering of walnut

2.1 In addition to Meng

If there is bud sprouting after the leaves, it is necessary to remove the buds early and reduce the nutrient consumption.

2.2 Wipe

Wipe out the female flowers and male flowers in the late autumn, reduce the consumption of nutrients in the tree; remove the late autumn shoots and spray the fertilizer in time to restore the tree potential and ensure the quality of the flowering results in the second year.

2.3 Ditch drainage and autumn pruning

Ditch drainage and autumn pruning are the main measures to avoid the late autumn shoots and open the second female and male flowers in the autumn. Ditching in the flats should open the ditch around the walnut garden and the drainage ditch in the walnut garden. The autumn pruning should be carried out from the beginning of the late autumn shoots. Pruning can avoid the late autumn shoots in the autumn and the consumption of nutrients in the walnut trees by the opening of the second female and male flowers.

3 preventive measures

3.1 High-replacement replacement

Early-maturing walnut varieties have the habit of secondary flowering, which can be cut off in March. From the end of May to the beginning of June, the early-season varieties with high yield and good quality and no late autumn germination and late flowering and secondary flowering Late varieties.

3.2 Baoye

(1) Spray the foliar fertilizer: After picking the fruit and before the leaves, spray 0.5% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture every 15 days.

(2) Applying strong fruit fertilizer and autumn base fertilizer: NPK compound fertilizer should be applied and watered from the end of May to the beginning of June; after July, the topdressing fertilizer should be based on quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, supplemented with a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer; It should be applied from early September to mid-October. It is mainly based on organic manure such as chicken manure. The amount of fertilizer applied is 5 kg of organic fertilizer per kilogram of walnut produced, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mixed; saplings and initial fruit trees Using circular fertilization method, the saplings should be applied with 20-50 kg per plant, and the initial fruit trees should be applied 50-100 kg per plant. In the fruit-bearing period, the whole garden should be applied, 100-200 kg per plant, and 2-5 kg ​​in combination. Superphosphate.

(3) Drainage and irrigation facilities: The walnut garden should pay attention to the construction of irrigation and drainage facilities, so that it can be irrigated when dry, and can be discharged when it is dry, to avoid falling leaves caused by drought and waterlogging.

(4) Scientific harvesting: Fruits are harvested in batches. Try not to pick them up once, and spray the fungicides once after harvesting.

(5) Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases: before the normal deciduous walnut tree to the spring germination, spray 5% stone sulphur mixture clearing garden to reduce the number of pests in the walnut garden; walnut black spot, walnut brown spot, walnut anthracnose prevention and treatment period In April-August, spray 1 time of Spring Thunder King Copper 600 times liquid after spraying, spray 1 time of agricultural streptomycin 4000 times solution or spray Bordeaux mixture 1 week after spraying; spray 1 times in the first half of June Bordeaux mixture 200 times (copper sulfate: quicklime: water = 1: 2: 200); from late June to August, spray 2 to 3 times more than a lot of Bordeaux mixture 200 times (copper sulfate: quicklime: water = 1:3 ~ 5:200), alternating spray of agricultural streptomycin 4000 times solution + methyl thiophanate or carbendazim 1000 times solution, can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases such as bacterial black spot disease of walnut.

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