Dahlia
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Alias ​​Tianmu peony, Dali flowers, chrysanthemum, passion fruit.
For the Dahia pinncta Cav., it is used as root medicine, which has the effect of eliminating heat, detoxifying, and reducing swelling. Commonly used in flower beds and flower arrangements, pots can be placed indoors or at venues. Native to Mexico at an altitude of 1500 meters, it is cultivated throughout China.
(b) Plant characteristics
Perennial herb, plant height 50 ~ 150 cm, its thick and juicy succulent fleshy roots, leaves 1 to 3 pairs of leaves pinnately split, lobes oval coarse serrulate. Head shape, diameter 5 ~ 25 cm, with a long handle, ray-like flowers with white, yellow, pink, orange, purple and other colors, the size and shape of tubular flowers vary according to species, achene oblong, flowering Summer to autumn.
(III) Growth characteristics
Sex like warm, cool, sunny, well-ventilated, not cold, 4 ~ 5 °C when it is dormant, avoid heat, wet, require loose soil, drainage, avoid water, resistance to phlegm.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1. Breeding method
It is mainly based on ramets and cuttings. It can also be used for grafting and sowing.
(1) Ramets
It is carried out from the end of March to the beginning of April. Place the roots well, and then change the soil to a certain temperature. After the buds are born, divide the roots of the dahlias. Note that each of the blocks must have buds, at least one. Then plant it separately and give it management.
(2) Cutting
The roots of the tubers are germinated in advance and the temperature is 18-20°C. When the seedlings grow to 5-6 cm, a small amount of tuberous roots can be cut and the cuttings can be cut with a blade. When the seedling grows to 8-10 cm, leaves a pair of leaves. The upper shoots can be cut for cuttings. Twenty days later, new leaves were sprouted from the leafhoppers that left a pair of leaves, and they were allowed to continue breeding until May. The cutting seedlings can bloom in the same year.
(3) sowing
Mature species harvested in the fall can bloom in the fall of spring, and grow stronger than cuttings or ramets.
2. Cultivation
The cultivation of dahlia must be done with sorghum in order to prevent the accumulation of rot in the rain. The spacing is between 50 and 100 cm. After the irrigated, the soil is protected. During the growing season, about 20 days after the liquid fertilizer is harvested, it can be properly picked and the pillars can be set according to the situation. After the flowers are cut, the pruning strips will be twisted first and then cut afterwards to prevent the stem from pouring into water to cause decay.
Dahlia potted plants should be primed in the hotbeds in early spring. The potted soil should be cultivated with humus, garden soil, sand, organic fertilizer and bone meal in a ratio of 50:2:26:6:4. The diameter of the pots should be 30-40 cm. The rooted shoots were planted in pots. Watering should be mastered in seeing wetness, and appropriate “buckling of water†should be done to prevent leggy. At the same time, it should be used as a stand to prevent lodging. In the summer, water should often be sprayed to the nearby ground in order to humidify and cool the water. In the rainy season, water in the basin is prevented every 10 days. About the thin-roofing liquid fertilizer is poured out, and the roots should be taken out after the end of the fall to be used for collection.
3. Pest Control
Dahlia common pests and diseases are spider mites, aphids, can be sprayed dimethoate 1000 to 1500-fold dilution or killing release liquid. Powdery mildew sprayed by carbendazim or carbendazim; rust, spray 1 or 3 times Bordeaux mixture or zein-zinc.
(5) Harvest processing
Should be pollinated in early September 20 to 70 days, the species can be harvested mature.
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