1 Variety selection

In winter, the temperature is low, the light is weak, and the duration of sunlight is short. In order to achieve normal growth and high yield, green varieties with wide adaptability, strong cold resistance, compact plant types, compact flower bulbs, good quality, and high yield should be selected. In cultivation, the early-maturing varieties should be mainly used, and the middle-early maturing varieties should be appropriately matched according to specific conditions.

2 Cultivate strong seedlings

The nursery time for broccoli cultivation postponed in the greenhouse in winter depends on the climate conditions and the length of the variety. The specific planting period can be determined according to market demand. In the winter postponed cultivation in the greenhouse, the seedlings can be sown in the seedbed, and once at 2-3 leaves, they can be transplanted after growing into strong and strong seedlings. For transplanting, the calendar seedling age is 40-45 days, and the physiological seedling age is 4-5 true leaves.

Because broccoli is afraid of waterlogging and the high temperature and rainy season is in the nursery season, it is necessary to choose a well-drained plot. After the land was leveled, a seed bed of 10 cm in height was made, and then 6-7 cm thick of nutrient soil was laid on it. Nutrient soil can be made from fully decomposed pig dung and vermiculite, mixed with an appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer. Seeds can be sown after irrigation. In order to save the amount of seed, it is advisable to use thin seeding, sowing 4-5 grams per square meter, and 20-25 grams per acre of field. After sowing, cover nutrient soil 0.5-1.0 cm. A shade net is set up on the seedbed to prevent rain and sun, and to reduce the ground temperature.

Pay attention to seedbed management after sowing. If the temperature reaches 20-22 ℃ during the day, the seedlings can emerge in 2-4 days. After emergence, the seedbed should be sprinkled with a thin layer of soil to facilitate moisture retention and rooting. Keep the temperature at 15-18 ° C during the day and not lower than 10 ° C at night; it is advisable to keep the relative humidity of the soil at 70% -80%. In case of drought, spray water in a timely manner and pay attention to preventing the damage of Pieris rapae and yellow curly beetle. 20-25 days after emergence, when there are 2-3 true leaves, split seedlings should be selected on cloudy days or in the evening, and the seedlings are fakely planted in nutrition bowls or plastic nutrition bags, with 1 plant per bowl (bag). The nutrient soil can be made from the topsoil of fertile grain fields and rotten mature pig manure, added with appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The specifications of the nutrition bowl (bag) are 9-10 cm high, and the upper diameter is about 8 cm. After seedling division, drain the nutrient bowl on the bed seedlings and keep it moist. Watering should be dry and wet, and not subject to drought. The temperature should not be too high to prevent excessive length and receive exercise. When the seedling age reaches 40-45 days and the seedlings grow 4-5 true leaves, planting can begin.

3 Fertilization

After the previous harvest, clean the countryside, plow the soil, and dry it for about 10 days. Then apply 52500 kg of organic fertilizer, 1125 kg of cake fertilizer, 750 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 300 kg of urea, and 150 kg of potassium fertilizer per hectare. Combine the soil preparation and mix the fertilizer with the soil, harrow it and level it, make a hoe with a width of 1.12 meters, a ditch depth of 0.25 meters, and then cover the film. Soil preparation and fertilization should be completed 10 days before planting.

4 Reasonable dense planting

The planting density is 3000 plants per acre, that is, 3 rows per planting, and the plant spacing is 0.45 meters. When planting, press the water with hoe, and rewater it once on the second day, and then seal the planting holes with soil fertilizer or fine soil.

5 Management after planting

5.1 Fertilizer and water management

Film mulch cultivation is generally not suitable for topdressing when applied with sufficient base fertilizer, but 0.3% -0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for foliar topdressing to promote the robust growth of stems and leaves. The soil should be kept moist. If it is too dry, furrow irrigation can be carried out. Shallow irrigation should be used.

5.2 Pest and disease control

The diseases are mainly black rot and black spot. The black rot fungus mainly harms the leaves. It starts from the leaf edge and spreads inwardly and laterally from the apex of the veins, forming a "V" shaped yellow-brown disease spot, and the veins become necrotic and black. When the air is humid, the diseased tissue rots, and when the air is dry, the diseased tissue is dry and brittle. Vascular bundles turn black when stems and roots are injured. For prevention and treatment, it can be sprayed with 50% proxylamine 1000 times solution at first onset, sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times continuously, the effect is better. It should be noted that the drug must be discontinued 15 days before harvest. Black spot disease mainly harms the leaves and petioles. In the early stages of the disease, nearly round gray-white to light brown disease spots appear on the leaves, which gradually become dark brown. There are obvious concentric ring patterns on the disease spots, and there are often yellow halos around. The disease spots on the petiole are long-fusiform, dark brown, slightly sunken, and have a round pattern. When the humidity is high, black mold appears on the lesion. Prevention and treatment can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, or 50% methyl tolbutin 500 times liquid, or 0.25% Bordeaux liquid or 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid spray at the beginning of the disease, every 7 Spray once every -10 days, spray a total of 2-3 times to control the development of the disease.

Pests are mainly cabbage worms and aphids. Cabbage worms are controlled with Kung Fu, Yitaibao, and stuck gram spray. Aphids were sprayed with 2000% solution of 40% dimethoate emulsion.

6 Harvesting

When the flower ball is fully grown, the flower buds are neat, the ball is not scattered, and the quality and yield are not increased *. The broccoli variety, which mainly produces top flower buds, can be cleared after harvesting the top flower buds.

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