Apple bagging is to increase the appearance quality of the fruit and reduce the pollution of pesticides. In recent years, bagging has been applied more and more, and many farmers do not value the management of apples before and after bag picking. Yu Hongqi, a senior agronomist of Yangling New Farmer Ecological Agriculture in Shaanxi, pointed out that many fruit farmers had problems in the final part of the bag picking, which affected the income.

Prevent pests before and after bag picking

First, the orchard should be poured with water before the bag is taken to reduce the incidence of sunburn. Conditional fruit farmers can install integrated water and fertilizer irrigation facilities, which is better.

Secondly, before picking up the bag, the orchard will also fight drugs to prevent pests and diseases. Two to three days before picking up the bag, the orchard must make a good medicine, clear the garden, create a safe environment for the apple and then pick up the bag. Yu Hongqi said that the phenomenon of picking up the bag is prone to red spot disease. At this time, spraying foliar calcium fertilizer can be directly absorbed and utilized by the fruit, which is very important for preventing bitter pox. In addition, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed to promote fruit coloring.

Take time to pick the bag

Yu Hongqi said that it is difficult to color the apples that are green when the bags are picked up early, or green ones when they are colored; apples that are too late to pick up the bags, especially those that turn yellow, are not easy to color. Therefore, Apple must ensure that the time in the bag is sufficient. Under the general circumstances of the Red Fuji apple, it can be picked up in a timely manner according to the weather conditions for 100 to 120 days.

In addition, the apples in the red wax bag must be picked twice in the bag. After the outer paper bag is removed, the red wax inner bag is removed at intervals of 2 to 3 days. This interval is to give the fruit a time to adapt to the external environment, otherwise it is prone to sunburn.

For apples with single-layer bags, the bag body can be torn open in an umbrella shape 20 to 30 days before harvesting. Cover the fruit to prevent direct sunlight, and remove the whole bag after 7-10 days to prevent the day. Burning, speeding up coloring.

At the same time, after picking the bag, it is necessary to carry out autumn pruning, to remove the long branches, the competition branches, and the erect branches, to ensure that the branches and branches see the light to increase the light and increase the light transmittance of the crown.

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Herbal Medicine

Plant extraction process

1. Select plants/herbs. No more than ancient prescriptions, prescriptions, folk herbs to find. At present, common and uncommon herbs have been studied. At present, it is mostly to increase the amount of medicinal materials to extract and separate components with low content, or to find medicinal plants that have never been studied from miao medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Africa, Latin America and other places.

2. The extraction. Solvent petroleum ether, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, water (low polarity → high polarity). Daily medicine decoction effective, water and ethanol and other solvents with large polarity, such as artemisinin boiling ineffective extraction with petroleum ether and other solvents with small polarity. Common medicinal materials water/alcohol/ether to go through, separation and identification of more compounds.

3. The separation. This is the most important work. In the solution extracted from the second step, there are dozens of compounds, usually by column chromatography, which is often referred to as the column flushing. It's a lot of work, it's boring, it's low tech. A master's student might do this every day for two years. The column for separating compounds, as shown below, is as large as 2 meters high and as small as 10 centimeters. Change the solvent condition of mobile phase, change the material of column, different conditions and different separation principles of column repeatedly punching, can be separated from the monomer compound.

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